Sabtu, Oktober 31, 2009

Wall Eye


Wall Eye:
Build your own opaque projector
Steve Lodefink | Make Vol. 14- 2008 | Pdf | 5 pgs | 2 mb
What's an opaque projector? You know, one of those contraptions that takes
flat, reflective subjects such as printed pages, leaves, or coins, and projects
them onto a screen or wall. Opaque projectors were common classroom
presentation tools during most of the 20th century.

Although made largely obsolete by the use of video cameras coupled to video
displays, opaque projectors are still being made and sold. Marketed today
mainly to art students and hobbyists for use as drawing enlargers, entry-level
models tend to be dim little plastic toys that can only accommodate puny 3" or
4" originals, and have to be used in a totally darkened room due to their small
apertures and weak light sources. If you're lucky enough to find one of the
majestic 1,000-watt giants from yesteryear at a swap meet, then consider
yourself charmed. I was not so lucky.
...

Safety Spectrometer


Safety Spectrometer
Eric Rosenthal | Make Vol. 14- 2008 | Pdf | 2 pgs | 1 mb
After air travel security banned bottled water and
baby formula, I began wondering why they didn't
use a device to determine the contents of liquids. If a
liquid was detected to be safe, security could allow it
on the plane. Spectrometers can identify the chemi-
cal makeup of a material by shining light on it and
analyzing the precise mix of colors that bounce back.

These devices are usually very expensive, but
I've designed a simple and inexpensive one that can
identify liquids. You can also adapt it to determine
the color of a swatch of paper or cloth or to identify
a gem or semiprecious stone.

I spent less than $100 on this project and it took
just a few days to design, fabricate, and test the hard-
ware, plus another two days to write and debug the
source code. Collecting the liquids and building the
database took one evening, and it was fun!
...

Gardner's Mathemagic


Gardner's Mathemagic
Donald E. Simanek | Make Vol. 13- 2008 | Pdf | 4 pgs | 1 mb
The Gilbreath Principle

A number of card tricks are based on a principle that
magician Norman Gilbreath introduced to magic. It's
an application of combinatorial mathematics (which
we will spare you here). Gardner discusses it in
his books New Mathematical Diversions from
Scientific American, Chapter 9, and Mathematical
Magic Show, Chapter 7. We'll describe here the
simpler versions.

Prepare the deck ahead of time with the cards in
black/red alternation. No other order is necessary.
When you start this trick, you can do any false shuffle
that doesn't change the card order. But if you don't
have those skills, don't bother.
...

Make Vol. 13- 2008: Do It Yourself












Make Vol. 13- 2008: Do It Yourself
Pdf | 31 pgs | 12 mb

Jumat, Oktober 30, 2009

Purely Platonic


Purely Platonic
A dodecahedron table lamp
Charles Platt | Make Vol. 11- 2007 | Pdf | pgs | mb
People appear symmetrical, but even the most
perfect human face shows irregularities if we
compare the left side with the right. Perhaps this
is why the absolute, rigid symmetry of crystals
seems beautiful yet alien to us. Unlike DNA's
soft spiral, a crystal's molecular bonds align
themselves to form regular three-dimensional
structures.,which the Greeks considered math-
ematically pure. The most fundamental of these
shapes are known as the five Platonic solids.

If you assemble equal-sided triangles -- all the
same size, with the same angles to each other --
you can create three possible solids: a tetrahedron
(with 4 faces), an octahedron (8 faces), and an
icosahedron (20 faces). If you use squares instead
of triangles, you can create only a hexahedron,
commonly known as a cube. Pentagons create a
dodecahedron (12 faces), and that's as far as we
can go. No other solid objects can be built with all-
identical. equal-sided, equal-angled polygons.

The Platonic solids have always fascinated me.
My favorite is the dodecahedron. which is why
I used it in this project as the basis for a table lamp.
By extending its edges to form points, we make
something that looks not only mathematically
perfect, but perhaps a little magical.
Download...
Mirror

Easy Motor


Easy Motor
Make a spinning motor with a minimum of parts
Cy Tymony | Make Vol. 11- 2007 | Pdf | 1 pgs | 1 mb

Cosmic Night Light


Cosmic Night Light
Kris DeGrave | Make Vol. 14- 2008 | Pdf | 9 pgs | 3 mb
I wanted to make a night light with LEDs encased in resin that required no
soldering - I can solder but I don't really Iike to. The project turned out to be
one of my favorites, and beyond being a little tweaky getting all of the LEDs
set, it's simple. The power comes from 2 coin batteries, so there's no risk of
shock. And the finished product is a glossy, atmospheric light with a soft
glow that looks great between my Martian lunch box and little plastic dudes
landing on the moon.

Wireless Motion Sensing Made Easy


Wireless Motion Sensing Made Easy
Tom Igoe | Make Vol. 14- 2008 | Pdf | 4 pgs | 2 mb
I was never much of a sports fan until my friend
Mattie introduced me to the Gotham Girls Roller
Derby (gothamgirlsrollerderby.com). Once you've
seen a good blocker send the opposing team's jam-
mer sailing into the sidelines with a solid hip check,
you're hooked. Add all the bad puns in the players'
nicknames, and you've got a sport I just can't resist.

Soon, I had to find a way to hack it. If the skaters
wore motion sensors, I figured, you could make
things react to the action. Sound effects on every
hit! A synchronized soundtrack! Flames shooting up
every time a player gets knocked out of bounds! The
possibilities are endless.
...

Parabolic Microphone


Parabolic Microphone
Jim Lee | Make Vol. 14- 2008 | Pdf | 2 pgs | 1 mb
This is a ridiculously easy way to build a parabolic
microphone using dollar store items. You'll attract
lots of attention walking around in public with this
rig. I usually welcome the inquiries, and let people
listen to what I'm doing. Kids especially love it.
...

Kamis, Oktober 29, 2009

The Machinist's Phonograph


The Machinist's Phonograph
Royston Maybery | Make Vol. 14- 2008 | Pdf | 4 pgs | 2 mb
When Edison invented the phonograph in 1877, he
envisioned it as a business dictation machine.
But it soon became a popular medium for music,
recorded onto durable cylinders that are still avail-
able and playable today. Cylinders came in a wide
variety of formats - 21/4", 31/2", or 5" in diameter,
4" or 6" long, 120rpm-160rpm,100 or 200 grooves
per inch --- most of which required different types
of phonographs to play.

Today there's one specialty machine, the
Archeophone, that can handle all formats of cylinder
recordings, but it costs more than $16.000. So
I decided to build my own, and being a licensed
machinist, I call it the Machinist's Phonograph.
...
Download...
Mirror

Art Work: Life Models


Art Work: Life Models
Douglas Repetto | Make Vol. 14- 2008 | Pdf | 2 pgs | 1 mb
ARTISTS' STUDIOS HAVE TRADITIONALLY
been full of reference materials like botanical
drawings, medical texts, photographs, cata-
logs, and images clipped from magazines. Artists
use these images as direct models for realistic
renderings. but they often provide indirect inspira-
tion as well: patterns in a botanical drawing might
end up as abstract gestures in a painting, or shapes
from a tool catalog might inspire sculptural forms.

Just as often, reference materials simply set the
mood or tone in the studio: being surrounded by
meaningful materials is an inspiration in itself. I
recently visited the reconstruction of Francis Bacon's
home studio at the Hugh Lane Gallery in Dublin, and
was overwhelmed by the density and intensity of
the materials (books, magazines, clothing, painting
supplies, canvases) jumbled across every surface in
the room. Although Bacon didn't often use images
from these sources directly in his paintings, he was
certainly inspired by having them around. He said:
"I feel at home here in this chaos because chaos
suggests images to me." Interestingly, the rest of
his small home was rather tidy and uncluttered; the
chaos of his studio seemed a conscious technique.
a key part of his process as a painter.
...
Download...
Mirror

3D Printing Methods


3D Printing Methods
Tom Owad | Make Vol. 14- 2008 | Pdf | 2 pgs | 1 mb
3D printers print layer on top of layer,
slowly building a three-dimensional
object. A plethora of materials and
methods are used to build these layers.

The Stratasys Dimension is a commercial 3D
printer that uses ABS plastic. The ABS filament
comes in a self-loading cartridge, and is fed into
a heater block by two drive wheels. In the heater
block, the ABS is heated to a semiliquid state and
extruded through the tip, with layers as thin as 0.01".
...
Download...
Mirror

Selasa, Oktober 27, 2009

Meet the Tool-Zine


Meet the Tool-Zine
William Gurstelle | Make Vol. 13- 2008 | Pdf | 6 pgs | 2 mb
IN THE PREVIOUS VOLUME OF MAKE,
I detailed the construction of my all-purpose
maker-style workshop, which I've nicknamed
the Barage Garage. lt's turned out beautifuly, and
as anticipated, it's the envy of my maker friends.

Small? Sure. it's a mere 20 feet by 14 feet. but it
has all the space required to do serious creating.
It's loaded with features, including a way-cool
vinyl tile floor, a high-tech wall storage system,
fluorescent lighting, 240-volt power, and lots of
electrical outlets.
...

Make Vol. 13- 2008: Magic Tricks




















Make Vol. 13- 2008: Magic Tricks
Pdf | 35 pgs | 9 mb

Download
Mirror

Project Orion: Deep Space Force







Project Orion: Deep Space Force
George Dyson | Make Vol. 13- 2008 | Pdf | 4 pgs | 1 mb
The first part of this article, "Project Orion: Saturn
by 1970," appeared in MAKE, Volume 12. It detailed
the development in the late 1950s of Project Orion,
an interplanetary spaceship to be powered by
nuclear bombs. This portion of the article covers
the envisioned deployment, closer to Earth, of a
Deep Space Force. Orion was never built. Adapted
from the book Project Orion, with new material.
...
Download
Mirror

The Widowmaker: Cutting Down a Tree


The Widowmaker: Cutting Down a Tree
Tim Anderson | Make Vol. 12- 2007 | Pdf | 2 pgs | 1 mb

Finishing Mebel



Apakah finishing mebel?

Finishing mebel berasal dari bahasa asing yaitu furniture finishing yang dapat diartikan secara sederhana sebagai pengerjaan tahap akhir dari proses pembuatan produk mebel. Proses finishing biasanya meliputi pengamplasan, pengecatan dan pemolesan. Umumnya finishing mebel diartikan sebagai proses pengecatan mebel, sedangkan bahan finishing mebel disebut cat mebel. Seperti juga proses pembuatan mebel di Indonesia yang telah berkembang menjadi suatu industri modern, finishing mebel juga ikut berkembang menjadi suatu proses industri modern.

Kalau dulu pengecatan mebel merupakan pekerjaan yang dikerjakan para tukang dengan alat dan bahan sederhana. Saat ini, sebagian besar finishing dikerjakan dengan proses industri yang menggunakan alat dan berbagai bahan finishing modern.

Perkembangan industri ini lebih dipacu dengan masuknya pelaku-pelaku bisnis luar negeri yang berbisnls di Indonesia. Para buyers yang membeli produk mebel di Indonesia, selain mencari keuntungan juga membawa teknologi pembuatan mebel baik langsung ataupun tak langsung.

Beberapa pelaku bisnis asing bahkan ikut memberi konsultasi tentang cara meningkatkan kualitas dan kecepatan proses produksi mebel. Bagi beberapa buyer, salah satu unsur pokok dari suatu produk mebel adalah kualitas finishing. Mau tidak mau pabrik-pabrik mebel harus meningkatkan kualitas finishingnya agar memenuhi keinginan buyers.

Dua fungsi finishing

Pada dasarnya finishing memiliki 2 fungsi yang harus dipenuhinya, yaitu keindahan (estetika) dan perlindungan (proteksi). Yang dimaksud dengan keindahan adalah finishing harus dapat membuat produk mebel indah dan menarik. Sedangkan fungsi perlindungan adalah finishing harus cukup kuat dan dapat memenuhi kualifikasi dari produk mebel yang diinginkan.

Untuk ini ada berbagai tes yang biasa dilakukan terhadap kualitas finishing mebel, seperti tes daya rekat (adhesion test), ketahanan terhadap air, ketahanan terhadap bahan-bahan kimia tertentu, ketahanan terhadap suhu panas atau dingin, ketahanan terhadap cuaca, dan tes terhadap jumlah emisi gas racun yang dihasilkan.

Kualifikasi ketahanan dan kualitas finishing sangat tergantung dari fungsi produk mebel itu. Finishing indoor furniture harus mudah dibersihkan, tak menempel pada pakaian dan tak beracun. Finishing meja makan dan peralatan dapur (kitchen cabinet) harus tahan terhadap minyak, saus, dan bumbu-bumbu dapur.

Finishing garden furniture harus dapat melindunginya dari perubahan cuaca. Sedang mebel untuk anak-anak seperti ranjang bayi dan mainan, finishingnya harus bebas racun dan aman. Untuk produk tertentu ada yang menginginkan finishing tahan api.

Biasanya pemenuhan fungsi perlindungan finishing berlawanan dengan pemenuhan fungsi keindahan. Jika menginginkan pelindungan dan kekuatan yang tinggi, maka pemilihan bahannya menjadi terbatas sehingga fungsi keindahannya tidak dapat dipenuhi secara maksimal. Jika fungsi perlindungan yang dibutuhkan tak terlalu tinggi maka fungsi keindahan dapat lebih maksimal karena bahan yang digunakan lebih talk terbatas.

Saat ini industri finishing mebel telah berkembang maju dan bahan finishing juga sangat berkembang sehingga kedua fungsi itu dapat dipenuhi secara optimal. Bila keduanya terpenuhi maka akan menentukan nilai jualnya. Karena itu, finishing merupakan salah satu unsur penting yang harus dikuasai pabrik pembuat mebel.

Mengenai keindahan ada 2 hal yang harus dilihat dan dihasilkan oleh proses finishing, yaltu warna (color) dan penampilan (look). Yang dimaksud dengan warna dari suatu produk mebel adalah warna yang dapat dilihat dari produk mebel itu. Misalnya apakah suatu produk mebel itu berwarna merah, putih atau coklat.

Sedangkan penampilan adalah bagaimana penampilan suatu produk mebel selain warna. Antara lain:
  • kedalaman warna (depth),
  • kekayaan warna (richness),
  • kejernihan warna (clarity),
  • ukuran mengkilatnya permukaan (gloss),
  • tebalnya lapisan film dan tekstur permukaan.
Penampilan sangat penting karena dianggap menentukan kualitas finishing dari segi keindahan, selain warna. Penampilan, selain ditentukan proses finishing juga sangat dipengaruhi oleh faktor non-finishing seperti bentuk, model mebel, dan jenis bahan baku mebel.

Untuk mebel yang terbuat dari kayu atau veneer, masing-masing jenis kayu atau veneer memiliki pola serat (grain) dan pori-pori (pores) yang berbeda. Bagaimana pola serat dan pori-pori dari veneer atau kayu itu dan veneer atau kayu itu disusun sangat berpengaruh pada penampilan dari produk yang dihasilkan. Unsur-unsur penampilan seperti clarity, gloss, ketebalan lapisan film, depth dan richness sangat dipengaruhi pemilihan proses finishing dan jenis bahan finishing yang digunakan.

Keindahan bersifat sangat subyektif dan tergantung dari selera masing-masing orang. Karena itu, setiap orang atau kelompok orang dari daerah tertentu biasanya mempunyai selera atau nilai keindahan sendlri terhadap suatu produk mebel. lni berbeda dari orang atau kelompok masyarakat lainnya. Selera atau nilai keindahan dari suatu masyarakat dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor seperti letak geografis, kebudayaan, dan kondisi ekonomi.

Berkaitan dengan itu maka kita mengenal berbagai tipe atau gaya finishing seperti finishing gaya Amerika (American style finishing), gaya Country (Country style), gaya Perancis (French style), gaya Klaslk (Classic style), gaya Jepang (Japanese style), dan gaya Eropa (European style).

Ada sedikit perbedaan American style finishing dibanding dengan gaya finishing lainnya. Sebagian besar pasar Amerika menganggap produk mebel itu seperti produk mode (fashion). Pada waktu tertentu (biasanya 1 atau 2 tahun sekali) trend mebel terutama finishingnya akan berubah. Pasar Amerika memperlakukan finishing seolah seni tersendiri di luar produk mebelnya. Karena itu seni finishing di Amerika berkembang dan banyak variasinya seperti finishing antik (antique finishing). Finishing yang menghasilkan mebel berpenampilan tua, kotor, berdebu seperti berumur ratusan tahun.

Untuk pasar di luar Amerika bisa dikatakan relatif sedikit permintaan untuk finishing mebel yang antik. Karena itu finishing gaya Amerika (American style finishing) dianggap identik dengan finishing antik (antique finishing). Meskipun sebenarnya pasar mebel Amerika sangat luas dan juga menerima banyak mebel dengan bergaya finishing yang lain.

Perhatian pada proses finishing

Pada saat memilih dan menentukan bahan serta alat dan fasilitas finishing, maka harus dilihat dan disesuaikan dengan proses finishing yang dipilih untuk menghasilkan produk yang diinginkan. Berikut ini ada hal-hal yang harus dipertimbangkan dan diperhatikan pada saat pemilihan proses finishing dan alat-alat yang dibutuhkannya.

Kualitas dari finishing yang diinginkan

Yang dimaksud kualitas finishing antara lain warna dan penampilan finishing, kekuatan finishing, sejauh mana keinginan finishing untuk bebas racun (toxic free). Tuntutan kualitas finishing sangat menentukan pemilihan jenis bahan yang dipakai, dan akan menentukan proses finishing dan alat yang bisa dipakai.

Jumlah dan kecepatan produksi yang diinginkan

Saat ini tersedia berbagai alat dan fasilitas finishing, mulai dari yang sederhana dengan pemakaian manual hingga alat otomatis yang dapat dipakai untuk produksi berkecepatan tinggi. Pemilihan alat fasilitas finishing harus disesuaikan dengan kecepatan produksi yang diinginkan.

Bentuk, ukuran, model dari produk mebel yang difinishing

Bentuk produk mebel yang difinishing merupakan faktor penting dalam pemilihan alat finishing. Bentuk yang datar dengan permukaan luas dapat dikerjakan dengan alat seperti roller coater, curtain coater atau spray gun otomatis yang dapat melakukan pekerjaannya dengan cepat dan konsisten. Untuk benda dengan bentuk yang kecil seperti kaki meja atau kursi, dengan banyak posisi yang sulit seperti celah-celah pada ukiran maka alat yang bisa dipakai secara fleksibel adalah spray gun manual.

Jenis bahan baku dari produk mebel yang difinishing

Ada berbagai macam bahan yang dipakai untuk mebel antara lain kayu dan produk olahannya, rotan, besi, dan kulit. Masing-masing jenis bahan baku itu memiliki sifat sehingga memerlukan proses finishing dan alat finishing yang berbeda.

Penulis adalah Kepala Kantor dan
Laboratonum Warna Akzo Nobel Wood Coating, Semarang

Woodmag, April 2007
Magazine for Ekamant's Premier Customer


Referensi lain yang bisa dibaca